How to Bring MORE Traffic to website

Getting website traffic is one of the most important tasks you must do if you have an “online business.”

Interestingly, you cannot just get traffic with few weeks worth of work and then reap the rewards. Just like every other things in life, getting traffic is an “ongoing process.” You must be doing it consistently in order to keep the traffic flowing to your site.

Well, I am not an internet marketing “guru” that knows how to get tons of traffic to my site, but over the past 3 years, these simple yet powerful traffic building methods have worked for me very well, as it continuous to do for many others I believe.

Here are few simple yet effective tips to bring MORE traffic to your website, without spending a penny:

1. Optimize Your Site

For many, search engines have been the “major” source of (organic) free traffic. This is the single biggest reason why you need to optimize (on-page SEO) your site and content on it for ALL major keywords in your industry/niche.

When it comes to driving more traffic to your website for free, search engine optimization (SEO) is still the way to go.

SEO is NOT as difficult as many Internet Marketers make it to be!
If you want to get familiar with the basics of SEO, check out our articles on SEO.

2. Update your site content, regularly

If you were expecting some shocking “secrets,” this tip probably made you disappointed, didn’t it?
But the truth remains the same: create great content and frequently update it on your site/blog to bring more traffic to your website.

Have you heard of the saying, “Content is King?”
Begin creating “good” content that are useful, original, and engaging to your audience, and regularly post them on your blog. This simple act will not only build a “loyal” audience of recurring visitors, but search engines will also start to notice this and LOVE your site!

3. Use Social Bookmarking sites

Social bookmarking sites such as Digg, LinkedIn, Delicious, and StumbleUpon are popular and free methods of brining tons of organic traffic to your website.

4. Use Social Networking Sites

Another free way to get tons of traffic to your site is to get active on Social Network sites.
If you become popular on social networking sites such as Facebook or Twitter, the traffic you can get from there can easily surpass “free traffic” from search engines such as Google.

Yes, it is true that it takes a lot of time and effort to build a large network of “targeted” fans and followers on Facebook and Twitter, but generally, the result is worth every effort.

5. Get Backlinks from other “relevant” sites in your niche

The next popular and free method of brining more traffic to your site is getting backlinks from external sites, particularly those in your own niche.

If you can get backlinks to your site without the famous “no follow” attribute, often known as “do follow” links, you will not only get free traffic to your site, but it will also be very good for SEO. You website pages should rank higher in search engine results and bring a flood of traffic to you.

Even though the links are “no follow” (useless for SEO), they can still bring you tons of free traffic to your site.
For example, if you manage to insert a link in a visible place on a site having high volumes of traffic, you will likely get tens of thousands of hits from this one link alone.

Get backlinks from sites within your own niche by reading the article below.

BUT be careful while exchanging links from bad sites as they can get your site penalized by Google.

6. Use every chance to promote your site

Do not sigh away from promoting your business, especially if it can be done free. There are several ways to promote your site/blog for free to bring more traffic to your website, including listings, classified ads, directory submissions, etc.

It is true that not all of these free ways of promoting your site is going to work equally well, but if you choose few places wisely where you could bring more traffic to your website for free, you would not care about those traffic sources that do not perform for you.

7. Create a ‘free offer’ and give it away

Free content (product or service) drives more traffic, particularly if they are useful for your target audience. There are wide varieties of ‘useful’ content you can create.

For example, you can publish many guides like “how to” articles and tips on your blog to bring more traffic to your website, free. But it’s even more effective if you could create a free product or service and give it away to your visitors.

When this product or services starts to become more popular and more people start visiting your site/blog, chances are they will visit other sections of your site too.

8. Use viral content

Just like free goodies can bring more traffic for your site, viral content can do that too.
Viral content distributes like a virus – i.e. when your visitors like your content, they will share it with their friends, talk about it on their sites, and promote it for you on their social media sites.

Viral content distributes like crazy on its own too. You only have to create and submit it to several different popular sites and you will be done. After that, your users pick it and do all the rest for you – i.e. distribute it for you.

Viral content can be a video production, a presentation, a good article, or an infographics.

9. Use offline marketing

Many people have forgotten the offline method of promotion, but that is how most internet marketers bring a flood of traffic to their site for free. Although many business owners spend most of their time on computers, nonetheless, life still has not moved completely on the web too.

Offline promotion is still powerful today as it used to be before the advent of the Internet. Yes, it can bring you more traffic to your website for free. There are several “traditional” ways to promote your online business, like including a URL on your business card or stickers or souvenirs, etc.

Likewise, you can also sell T-shirts or any other merchandise with your logo on it to make your brand even more popular.

10. Use URL in your signature

There are popular forums that get millions of visitors a day regularly and if you are popular user on such forums, you will bring more traffic to your site for free. Simply use URL in the forum signatures to build powerful backlinks to your site, and hence, bring more traffic.

If people who visit these forums like your posts, they can click on the link in your signature and visit your site.
Tip: Instead of always linking to your homepage, you can also post a “deep” link (a link to an internal page of your site) to put more focus to a particular page on your site.

Bringing more traffic to your website is a on-going process. If you just pick few of these favorite traffic generation methods, we can guarantee that you will be able to bring more traffic to your website for free, starting this week.

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Content Optimization for eCommerce Websites

When it comes the retail industry and consumer shopping habits, we’ve reached a point where many people only buy online. This comes as no surprise, especially when you look at the three main reasons why: it’s more convenient, there’s a bigger selection, and discounts are everywhere. No matter how great these perks are, they come with two major downfalls that online-retailers will never be able to change. The competition online is everywhere; it’s not just the store across the street. And more importantly, buyers cannot touch, try on or test products before they buy online. So how can businesses prove their products are better than the rest when buyers are not in their stores to compare?

 
  Create Unique Product Descriptions

It’s more common than not for businesses to use product descriptions provided by a manufacturer. And if everyone is using the same content, no one stands out. Use the generic content as a guide to write new product descriptions that have unique selling points. Don’t hesitate to include some extra meat – longer descriptions are fine. Remember, lengthier content means more information for search engine spiders to crawl and index. It also allows you to incorporate keywords smoothly.

Keep in mind that customers reading product descriptions are far more interested about what’s in it for them, not necessarily all the technicalities the product includes. For example, let’s say your company sells bedding. A bullet point that describes a sheet set to be “600 thread count,” is important, but bland. Add a perk about the thread count such as “soft, comfortable and provides better sleep.” This will get your customers more interested in trying out those sheets.

To really influence potential shoppers into buying a product, get creative with adjectives and avoid meaningless filler. Descriptive words such as “innovative” and “world class” are used so often that they’ve lost their original effect. Give customers the information they need in the clearest way possible so they understand what they’re looking at. Use sensory and emotional words, and make your readers feel something. And if you cannot think of another word to use, Thesaurus.com is the synonym bible. Don’t go overboard on your adjectives though – stick with no more than two describing words per noun.
  Include Customer Reviews

Online shopping goes hand-in-hand with sharing reviews about a product. According to Search Engine Land, 88 percent of consumers trust online reviews as much as personal recommendations. Some even read up to a dozen reviews to make sure the product is right for them. Including these on your product pages will prevent potential buyers from leaving your site to find reviews elsewhere. Providing customer reviews for products not only builds trust in your eCommerce website, it also improves user experience and SEO. Search Engine Land also shares that 72 percent of consumers say that positive reviews make them trust a business more. Sending a follow-up email about a week or two after the product is delivered is a great way to encourage customers to come back and leave feedback. And because they’re on your website again, who knows, it might lead to another sale!
  Optimize with Metadata Templates

If you want to rank high in search results, SEO optimization is key. More than 60 percent of searchers choose the first three organic positions on the first page of results. So how do you get your website to rank that high? Metadata is a good place to start. The purpose of providing metadata is to answer one basic question: “What is this page about?” If a page isn’t optimized, search engines will create their own metatags based off that page’s content. And more often than not, they don’t get it right.

Providing quality metadata can be a tricky depending on the size of a business. It’s much more feasible to write quality title tags and descriptions for relatively smaller eCommerce sites. But when a company has hundreds (or even thousands) of pages, other priorities take the front seat and SEO goes out the door. Even if you come up with a basic template for each page, focus on ensuring every page is optimized correctly. The results will be worth it.
  Make Customers Choose Your eCommerce Site Every Time
Online shopping is a gigantic world filled with every type of business imaginable. No two companies will use the same tactics because they have a plan that’s unique to their goals. If you want your eCommerce site to be a trusted resource with a growing, loyal customer base, contact Sage Island. We’ll evaluate your website and develop a plan to optimize it for an unparalleled user experience.
 
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seo damned time give urls upgrade

“SEO” Be Damned, It’s Time Give Your URLs An Upgrade

Web marketers have known for years that the words we use in page URLs were factored into the search algorithm. There has always been a debate as to how much of a factor these words contribute, but the general consensus is between a little and not much.

In fact, for years SEOs cautioned against changing the URLs on your site for optimization purposes alone due to the potential loss of link value that happens when you implement a 301 redirect from an old URL to a new one.

That factor has largely diminished over the years as search engines have gotten better at transferring value through those redirects and the (temporary, but hurtful) ranking losses that once happened as a result of those redirects have mostly disappeared.

But still, a 301 redirect itself does cause some loss of value. We don’t know exactly how much, but I would guess that somewhere between 90-95% of the link value is passed to the destination page with 5-10% flying off into neverspace. That may not be a big deal if we are talking about a handful of redirects on a site with thousands of pages. But if you’re talking about site-wide URL changes, you could potentially lose 5-10% of your total incoming link value due to URL changes you have made.

Even a 5% loss can be enough to see your site authority drop, causing a negative impact on your search engine rankings.

URLs Gone Bad

That fear alone has caused many SEOs to caution against changing URLs except in the most extreme circumstances. However, it is possible for URL changes to produce a gain equal to or greater than any loss incurred. This is often true when upgrading URLs from an old crappy looking stream of characters and numbers to something much more organized and readable.

Here is an example of a URL from The Home Depot website circa 2008:

http://www.homedepot.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?storeId=1005&langId=-1&catalogId=10053&productId=100619121&N=10000003+90401+502932

Pretty hard to read, right?

I couldn’t find the same book on the Home Depot website today, but here is a current URL for a similar book:

http://www.homedepot.com/p/1-2-3-Books-Home-Improvement-3rd-Edition-with-DVD-0696238500/100677237

Much better.

The new URL uses valuable (key) words that give readers and search engines a better idea as to what the destination page is. That’s what I call a change worth making! Despite the loss Home Depot incurred by implementing a new URL structure (assuming they remembered to add the redirects), I’m sure the new structure provided some valuable gains.

Making URLs Readable

SEOs haven’t always considered URL “usability.” They typically approached it from a keyword perspective. But with today’s algorithms, usability takes front and center stage, which makes even keywords take back stage.

While an argument can be made that the URL doesn’t matter a whole lot to the visitor, crappy URLs can still cause an element of reader discomfort. On the flip side of that, a readable URL can provide readers a significant reinforcement of the messaging.

This is especially true when visitors are scanning search results. Typically, the searcher sees the title of the page, the page URL, maybe some rich snippet data and the page description.



Google gives the searcher that information because they have found that it is relevant information for the searcher to have. Back in 2013, Google tested search results without the URL. Seeing as those results never rolled out globally, we can only assume that the test proved that showing URLs is valuable.

That tells us that the URLs visitors see need to have value! After all, it is a signal. Not just to search engines but to visitors who are contemplating what to click.

Let’s look again at Home Depot’s new URL structure as illustrated above:

http://www.homedepot.com/p/1-2-3-Books-Home-Improvement-3rd-Edition-with-DVD-0696238500/100677237

Can we produce a better URL? Maybe this:

http://www.homedepot.com/how-to/books/home-improvement-how-to/home-improvement-1-2-3-3rd-ed/

Which URL gives you the most information?

Obviously the second one. Not only does it tell you the name of the book, but it also tells you what section of the site the book was found in. That can be good information for the searcher to have!

Unfortunately, neither URL is likely to be displayed in full in the search results. There is only room for so many characters available in that space, which means Google has to truncate the URL. You can see how they did that in the image above.

But now, Google is giving us a bit more control over URLs both in desktop results and more recently, by default, in mobile results.

Aligning Breadcrumb Trails with URLs

For some time now, Google has toyed with showing breadcrumb trails rather than URLs in desktop search results. Here is a search result for Amazon’s page for the same book:


Interestingly, the breadcrumb trail in the search result differs from that of the page:



Unfortunately, Google’s version is far less compelling than that on the page.
On April 16, 2015, Google announced they are rolling out changes to how they display these URL/Breadcrumb snippets in the search results on mobile devices. Basically, two specific changes were made:

1. The website name to be used instead of the domain name
2. The URL structure of the URL as breadcrumbs

As we showed above, Google has already been using a sort of breadcrumb trail instead of the URL in desktop search results when they feel it is warranted. This brings mobile in line with what they have (sometimes) been doing with desktop results.

In the announcement, Google provided a link on proper breadcrumb coding, but the announcement specifically tells us Google is not using the breadcrumb trail as presented on the site but rather they are using the URL structure. I’m not sure why they chose the URL structure over breadcrumb trail, but that means the URL of each page on your site is pretty darn important.

However, if I were to take a guess, I would suggest that Google wants to match breadcrumb structure to the URL structure. Ensuring these two are aligned will likely give your pages a much stronger signal to the site’s content and provide Google with a 100% clear indicator on how the URL crumb should display on mobile devices.

Going back to my made-up Home Depot URL above, notice how it coincidentally coincides with the on-page breadcrumb trail:

http://www.homedepot.com/how-to/books/home-improvement-how-to/home-improvement-1-2-3-3rd-ed/


That’s a pretty strong signal for Google to use and provides you with increased opportunity to control the message Google displays in the search results.

I’ve always been an advocate of matching URL and breadcrumb structure, but now this becomes almost essential. It’s no longer about adding keywords to your URLs but making sure your URLs align with your navigational structure. And going back further, making sure your navigational structure is user-focused.
As URL and breadcrumb structure are (or should be) derived from the navigation structure, this puts extremely heavy emphasis on the users’ navigational experience. Get that wrong, and the rest won’t matter. Get that right, make sure the following URL and breadcrumb signals align, and you’ve got a bigger opportunity to present your content to your visitors and draw increasingly relevant clicks from the search results.

If you were hesitant to change your URLs for any reason, those reasons virtually disappear now that the URL structure is making its way to prominence in both desktop and mobile searches. URLs are not just a signal of relevance for rankings but a very strong signal of relevance for the searcher on determining if your page is going to meet their search need.

Side Note: Google is also now showing the business name, rather than the domain name, in the URL trail in search results. This is a boon to site branding! While this is currently only being rolled out on mobile, I wouldn’t be surprised to see this on Desktop at some point.




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5 Daily Habits Give You Higher Rankings

5 Daily Habits Guaranteed to Give You More Links and Higher Rankings

You know that good daily habits are good for you. If you brush your teeth, eat right, exercise, and drink plenty of water, you’ll improve your healthy. Daily habits produce lifelong well-being.
Could the same principle hold true in digital marketing? Can you start daily habits that will make your site rank higher? Will a few simple practices produce business success?
The answer is yes.
It is possible to build daily habits that guarantee improved SEO and greater marketing success. Here are the habits you should cultivate.

1. Write and Publish One Article

Time required: 1 hour
Writing an article is one of the most time-consuming things you can do, but it is also the most valuable.
Creating new content is the single best way to drive traffic to your site. I’m a proponent of creating long form content. That’s why most of my articles, especially on my blog, are more than 2,000 words.
Long form content gets higher rankings, but it also takes longer to write. If you invest at least one hour a day in writing, you should be able produce at least two long form articles per week, and probably more.
Don’t simply create content for the sake of creating content. Instead, make sure that your articles are focused, relevant, and high quality. This is one habit that will most definitely pay off.

2. Update One Old Article

Time required: 10 minutes
Why should you update an old article?
Just like everything, content can get old. Even if your content is evergreen, I recommend you update it.
Content that is changed frequently is more likely to rank higher. Beginning in 2007, Google unrolled an algorithm feature known as QDF, or “Query deserves freshness”. The idea is that any given query should have a search result with a recent publication date. The goal is to give user up-to-date information on a given topic.

Look where we’ve come since then. Now, Google has the Knowledge Graph, which displays up-to-the-minute news topics.



In addition to the Knowledge Graph, Google’s freshness factor influences virtually every aspect of the SERPs.
To update an old blog article, here are some things you can do:

• Change the article title to be more relevant and keyword-focused.
• Change headings (H1, H2) in the article.
• Rewrite the introduction.
• Add a new section to the article.
• Add new links to other sites.
• Delete a section from the article.
• Rewrite the conclusion.
• Gain a link from a fresh site.
• Share your site to gain more user activity.

The science and research behind some of these issues is discussed in detail on Moz.com.
By daily updating an article or two, you can breathe new life into old articles, gain more links, get more visibility, and strengthen your entire site.

3. Post a Link to an Article on Every Social Media Platform

Time required: 5 minutes
Search engine optimization depends heavily on social activity. The more you can promote your content on social networks, the better that content will do. Social metrics, however relevant they may or may not be, have some level of impact on search.
Why is this true? Because social drives traffic to your website, which improves its user metrics. Those users, in turn, may encourage other people to read and link to the site, creating a ripple effect that pushes your article far beyond what it would normally be able to accomplish.
Simply tweet, retweet, and let the social impact take care of the rest.


To get a visual perspective of the ripple effect, use Google+ Ripples to analyze the shared extent of a Google+ post.


Moz’s algorithm survey and research indicates that social metrics, especially on individual pages, is one of the top ten categories of ranking factors.


You can save a lot of time on this step by scheduling your social updates using a platform like Buffer.

4. Interact on One Forum

Time required: 10 minutes
Forums are a great way to get visibility, get answers, share knowledge, and grow your brand.
I don’t recommend you use forums simply as a platform for promotion. That defeats the entire purpose of the forum. I do, however, recommend that you use the forum for what it’s intended to do — promote intelligent discussion and answers.

Some of the forums in the marketing space include the following:

• Moz Discussions
• Warrior Forum
• Search Engine Watch Forums
• Inbound.org

LinkedIn and Reddit also provide a forum-like context for almost any niche.
A forum gives you a place to get noticed and provide help to others. I’ve discovered that helping other people is one of the best and most legitimate marketing techniques available.
Your activity on forums impacts your reputation. Be a helper, and you’ll get helped. Be a giver, and you’ll receive.

Your reputation will endure. Forums typically have high SERP placement for long tail queries. Once you post something on the forum, it’s going to stay.

5. Reply to One Tweet, Google+ Update, Facebook Post, and LinkedIn Discussion, etc.

Time required: 10 minutes
Your social activity isn’t just your output, the stuff you post, but your interaction, the stuff you like, retweet, plus one, and comment on. Social, after all, is a conversation.

When you interact with regularity and frequency on social media, you’ll begin to improve your reputation, grow your marketing reach, and form a favorable reputation.

When you share someone’s status update, retweet their post, or +1 a comment, they notice you. In turn, they interact with you, find your website, consider your product, read your content, and engage with you.
Even though it’s a small expenditure of time and effort, interaction socially produces high value in return.

Conclusion

That’s it. In less than two hours a day, you can implement habits that will absolutely rock your world.
These habits have a snowball effect. Even though your forum comments, retweeting, and status posting may seem like they’re being sucked into a black hole, your efforts will gradually produce benefits. It starts small, but grows larger as you continue to work on the habits.

Not only do the results grow, but your ability improves as well. Your first few blog posts may sound stilted, but you’ll develop more skill and ability as time goes on.

It’s never too late to start these habits. Regardless of where you’re at in your marketing journey, you can take it to the next level.
Source : searchenginejournal


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World's First 3D Printed Supercar

3D Printing: World's First 3D Printed Supercar Is Named Blade

Say hello to Blade. It's the world's first 3D printed supercar. (Photo : YouTube/Screenshot )

3D printing technology is not exactly new. Some of this technological magic first appeared in the late 1980s and was referred to as Rapid Prototyping (PR) technologies. And since it's starts, 3D printing has come up with everything from inanimate objects to organs. Yet now, we can add spectacular automobiles to the list, too.

The world's first 3D printed supercar is now available. The prototype, named Blade, was designed and manufactured by Divergent Microfactories, a U.S. start-up company. It holds twice the power-to-weight ratio of a Bugatti Veyron, significantly less weight than 90 percent of cars at 1,400lbs and 30 percent of an electric car along with 1/50th the factory capital costs of other manufactured cars, the ability to go from 0-60 mph in just over two seconds and a 700hp engine that can use compressed natural gas or petrol, according to Science Recorder.

Blade was also created with a unique technology known as "a Node," according to manufacturers; this involves a 3D printed aluminum joint that connects pieces of carbon fiber tubing to help create the chassis, otherwise known as the frame for the automobile's "running gear," including the engine, drive shaft, transmission and suspension.

"Society has made great strides in its awareness and adoption of cleaner and greener cars. The problem is that while these cars do now exist, the actual manufacturing of them is anything but environmentally friendly," says Divergent Microfactories CEO Kevin Czinger, via the Irish Examiner.

"At Divergent Microfactories, we've found a way to make automobiles that holds the promise of radically reducing the resource use and pollution generated by manufacturing."

If all goes according to plan, Divergent Microfactories said they hope to make 10,000 3D-printed chassis annually, according to the Monitor Daily. However, they'll need help from partners who are willing to invest.
Source : scienceworldreport

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life sciences industry

Competition Heats Up for Life Science Space, with No End in Sight

The life sciences industry is being pulled in different directions—with mergers and acquisitions, drug patent expirations, emerging market needs and the challenges of attracting a highly educated workforce. Nevertheless, demand for space from life sciences companies is still far outpacing supply, pushing up rents and forcing prospective tenants to grab cluster spaces when they can be found.

According to a recent report from real estate services firm Cushman & Wakefield, the global pharmaceutical market is expected to grow to $1.6 trillion by 2018, at the same time as there has been a tremendous amount of consolidation in the industry. Emerging markets are also changing the focus of global firms, with China expected to make up almost 40 percent of pharmaceutical companies’ non-U.S. customers by next year.

Roger Humphrey, executive managing director of the life sciences group at real estate services firm JLL, says the industry has been growing very fast due to demand from both large and small firms. The big pharmaceutical companies have been shedding space due to mergers (last year, there was a record $300 billion in pharmaceutical mergers and acquisitions, according to Cushman & Wakefield), but small and mid-size firms are immediately filling the empty space, he says. As popular drug patents expire and a flood of generic medicines are expected to flood the market, the large firms are looking for better ways to earn revenue, such as expanding globally by pushing into emerging markets such as Brazil and China, or exploring more research and development of biopharma products (biological medicines, based on living tissues such as vaccines).

Humphrey says the current life science campus clusters, such as the Boston-Cambridge area and San Francisco, are growing even more dominant because new drug research is more complicated, requiring strong relationships with existing science-based universities where the clusters are based.

“There is a lot of new discoveries in biopharma, but these are small-molecule drugs, and the manufacturing is more complex,” he says. “Therefore, you’re going to be competing with the technology sector to entice well-educated millennial workers.”

More emerging life science markets such as Denver and Seattle are getting a lot of attention, according to the 2015 JLL Life Sciences Cluster Report, which is set to be released to the public in early July. There’s limited construction in the sector, the rents are being pushed upward in the major life science markets, and large firms are considering lower cost secondary markets to develop build-to-suit lab space, according to the report.

“The growth of generics has helped fill the vacuum of the emptied space, and created demand for development in secondary markets, or redevelopment of former vacated properties,” Humphrey says.
Many life science property owners and developers have been busy this year. Eli Lilly and Co. is building a new drug delivery and device innovation center in Cambridge, Mass. Forest City Enterprises agreed to buy out former partner Health Care REIT’s interest in University Park at MIT, a 27-acre life science campus next to the college, last month for more than $400 million. BioMed Realty Trust, one of the largest owners of life science space in the country, completed more than three million sq. ft. of leasing in the past year. Wexford Science & Technology, a BioMed subsidiary, has been working on a number of projects, including serving as a partner on the 4-million-sq.-ft. expansion of the University City Science Center in Philadelphia.

Greg Lubushkin, CFO of BioMed, says that availability of life science space is tight across the country because of high demand. Rents for office and laboratory space are increasing in cluster markets, a trend he expects to continue for the foreseeable future. Lubushkin adds that his firm took 400,000 sq. ft. of space discarded by consolidations in Cambridge and leased it out in three months at higher rents. It is also building a 300,000-sq.-ft. new building in San Diego because that market is 95 percent occupied.

“Our challenge, in the current environment, is ensuring we have the space necessary for tenants to grow,” Lubushkin says. “As an example, we recently announced a 295,000-sq.-ft. lease to Alnylam Pharmaceuticals for a very well-located asset in Kendall Square in Cambridge that isn’t set to become available until May 2018, as the project is fully leased until then. We are seeing more and more companies commit to space sooner to ensure they will be able to secure these core facilities to house their future research needs.”
Source : nreionline

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Human Embryo Genes Raises Ethics Questions

Editing Of Human Embryo Genes Raises Ethics Questions

Biotechnology: Scientists and lawmakers are anxious about altered genomes

A little more than a decade after scientists first unraveled the human genome, some researchers are trying to rewrite it. Advances in gene-editing technology have provided relatively inexpensive and easy ways to delete, insert, or replace genes in human cells to correct defects associated with devastating diseases such as cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia. Gene-editing tools could also be used to alter plant and animal genomes to boost agricultural yields and food production or to modify insect genomes to reduce the spread of diseases such as malaria.

Not only are gene-editing tools scientifically promising, they also have the potential to be highly lucrative commercially. But with that promise comes worries that gene-editing technology could be used to create designer babies with enhanced traits, such as higher intelligence or greater beauty. Many scientists are also worried that the technology could change the human germ line—the DNA in reproductive cells that is passed on from one generation to the next—in unexpected or dangerous ways.

The ethical implications and risks of human gene editing came to a head in April. That’s when a group of Chinese scientists reported that they had attempted to alter a gene associated with a potentially fatal blood disorder in the cells of nonviable human embryos (Protein & Cell 2015, DOI: 10.1007/s13238-015-0153-5).

The experiment was largely unsuccessful. Most of the embryos died, or the gene targeted in the experiment was not altered. Even in a few embryos where the gene was successfully modified, researchers observed other DNA damage in their cells. Some researchers are worried, however, that this work is just the tip of the iceberg and more studies like it will soon follow. Earlier this year, before the Chinese scientists published their work, a group of leading scientists, bioethicists, and law experts met in California to map out a plan toward ensuring that gene-editing technology is not used in a dangerous or unethical way.

In a commentary published in March in Science (2015, DOI: 10.1126/science.aab1028), the group calls for a moratorium on the use of gene-editing technologies for clinical applications. The group stops short, however, of saying that research involving editing genes in human embryos, eggs, or sperm cells should cease.

Instead, they argue that the research on nonviable human embryos should continue, as long as it does not result in pregnancies. The authors include Jennifer Doudna, a biochemist at the University of California, Berkeley, whose work on the immune systems of bacteria helped lead to the development of a widely used gene-editing technology called clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) that relies on the engineered CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9). Doudna is currently fighting to get control of the intellectual property rights to CRISPR-Cas9. Although many scientists give her credit for the invention, the first patents for the technology were granted to Feng Zhang, a scientist at the Broad Institute and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Both have started companies to commercialize the technology.

Doudna organized the California meeting when she began hearing rumors that scientists were using CRISPR-Cas9 to change DNA in human embryos. Chinese scientists had already used the technology to create genetically altered monkeys.

Just one week before Doudna and 17 other scientists published their commentary in Science, a different group of scientists published a similar editorial in Nature (2015, DOI: 10.1038/519410a). That group is seeking a moratorium on all gene editing of human embryos or human reproductive cells, including research in this area.

“Genome editing in human embryos using current technologies could have unpredictable effects on future generations,” the researchers, including Edward Lanphier, president and chief executive officer of California-based Sangamo BioSciences, wrote in the Nature editorial. The team is developing new therapies for various diseases using a proprietary platform that relies on zinc finger proteins—a rival technology to CRISPR-Cas9.

Genetically engineering human germ-line cells is prohibited in many European countries, but not in the U.S. or China. In the U.S., however, federal research money cannot be used to fund such work.

“The concept of altering the human germ line in embryos for clinical purposes has been debated over many years from many different perspectives and has been viewed almost universally as a line that should not be crossed,” Francis S. Collins, director of the National Institutes of Health, said in response to the news that scientists in China were using gene-editing technology to alter human embryos. “NIH will not fund any use of gene-editing technologies in human embryos,” he stated.

But research supported by private funding in the U.S. is not subject to the same restrictions—and it has little oversight unless the work attempts to establish a pregnancy. In that case, researchers would need approval from the Food & Drug Administration.

The report from China caught the attention of congressional lawmakers and prompted a hearing earlier this month of the Science, Space & Technology Subcommittee on Research & Technology in the House of Representatives.

Calling the research “alarming,” Rep. Lamar Smith (R-Texas), chairman of the House Science, Space & Technology Committee, said that “the U.S. can and should provide scientific and moral leadership” in this area.

Leading scientists assured lawmakers at the hearing that work is under way to better understand the ethical implications and risks of research involving gene-editing technology, particularly when applied to human embryos.

Victor J. Dzau, president of the National Academy of Medicine, highlighted an initiative launched last month by the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Medicine to examine the risks and benefits of gene-editing research, including ethical considerations. As part of this effort, an international meeting scheduled for this fall will examine ethical and governance issues at the global level, Dzau said at the hearing. The initiative will generate a formal report to guide scientists, regulators, and clinicians, he added.

Jeffrey P. Kahn, a bioethics professor at Johns Hopkins University, suggested to lawmakers that scientific journals could serve as gatekeepers by not accepting papers related to research on gene editing unless authors provide details of an ethics review of the work.

The study by Chinese scientists that was published in Protein & Cell “was reportedly rejected by both Science and Nature prior to its acceptance and eventual publication, with some reportage indicating that ethics reviews played a role in the decision to reject it,” Kahn testified. Neither Nature nor Science would comment on the matter to C&EN.

Although most ethics concerns related to gene editing have to do with using the technology, some researchers have argued that “there may come a time when we would consider it unethical not to do editing of the germ line for certain kinds of applications,” such as treating dreadful diseases, Doudna pointed out.

Gene-editing technology is widely available and being used in research applications. It will be several years before it is used in clinical applications in which cells are treated inside the body, Doudna told the legislators. But applications in which cells are modified, sequenced, and validated outside the body and then reintroduced into the body are likely to be only one or two years away, she predicted.

In the meantime, there is still a lot to be learned about “human genetics, gene-environment interactions, and pathways of disease,” Doudna warned.

“Would it be appropriate to use the technology to change a disease-causing genetic mutation to a sequence more typical among healthy people?” she asked. “Even this seemingly straightforward scenario raises serious concerns,” she said, “including the potential for unintended consequences of heritable germ-line modifications.”

Chemical & Engineering News

ISSN 0009-2347

Copyright © American Chemical Society

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fingerprint accuracy stays the same over time

Fingerprint with highlighted minutiae, points used to match fingerprint patterns. Credit: Anil Jain

Fingerprints have been used by law enforcement and forensics experts to successfully identify people for more than 100 years. Though fingerprints are assumed to be infallible personal identifiers, there has been little scientific research to prove this claim to be true. As such, there have been repeated challenges to the admissibility of fingerprint evidence in courts of law.

"We wanted to answer the question that has plagued law enforcement and forensic science for decades: Is fingerprint pattern persistent over time?" said Anil Jain, University Distinguished Professor, computer science and engineering, at Michigan State University. "We have now determined, with multilevel statistical modeling, that fingerprint recognition accuracy remains stable over time."

Jain, along with his former Ph.D. student Soweon Yoon, who is now with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, used fingerprint records of 15,597 subjects apprehended multiple times by the Michigan State Police over a time span varying from five to 12 years.

The results show that fingerprint recognition accuracy doesn't change even as the time between two fingerprints being compared increases.

The paper by Yoon and Jain, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, is the largest and most thorough study of the persistence of Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems, or AFIS, accuracy.

Experts agree that Jain's research addresses one of the most fundamental issues in fingerprint identification and is of great importance to law enforcement and forensic science:

• "This study is one of the fundamental pieces of research on a topic that has always been taken for granted. The permanence of fingerprints has not been systematically studied since the seminal work of Herschel was presented in Galton's book: Finger Prints (1892, Macmillian & Co.). Although operational practice has shown that the papillary patterns on our hands and feet are extremely stable and subject to limited changes (apart from scars), the study presented in PNAS provides empirical and statistical evidence." Professor Christophe Champod, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland.
• "This study is a monumental achievement and one that will benefit forensic science teams worldwide." Capt. Greg Michaud, director of the Forensic Science Division, Michigan State Police.
• "Dr. Jain's analytic quantification on fingerprint persistence of the results significantly support early studies on fingerprint persistence and yet further support legal requirements for peer review and publication." Jim Loudermilk, senior level technologist at the FBI Science and Technology Branch.

###

Jain's research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation Center for Identification Technology Research.

NIST is a nonregulatory agency of the Commerce Department that promotes U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life. For more information, visit http://www.nist.gov.


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What technologies will Vietnam use in the future

What technologies will Vietnam use in the future

VietNamNet Bridge - Manufacturers complain that restrictions on importing used equipment are too strict but scientists say the requirements pave the way for outdated technologies to enter Vietnam.

Facing strong opposition from businesses, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MST) compromised by lowering requirements on used equipment imports.

In order to be imported into Vietnam, used machines and equipment mustnot be on the list of used machines, equipment and technology chains banned from import, enacted by competent authorities.
Under Circular No 20 in 2014, imported equipment had to be used for no longer than five years and the quality had to be at least 80 percent of the initial quality.

However, in the latest move, MST has decided to accept equipment with usage of up to 10 years and quality of 70 percent.

Dr Pham Ngoc Dang, Member of the National Sustainable Development Committee, and Chair of the Vietnam Construction Association, warned that Vietnam will become the world’s technology dumping ground.

He also warned that the existence of outdated Chinese technology will never be settled if Vietnam does not create barriers against low technologies and apply measures to encourage businesses to use advanced technologies.

The pressure by domestic manufacturers and the strong warnings by Vietnamese scientists puts the Ministry of Science and Technology (MST) in a dilemma.

What should be the right attitude toward the matter?

Dr. Nguyen Van Nam, former head of the Trade Research Institute, noted that Vietnamese businesses did not oppose the idea of tightening control over used technology imports. They criticized Circular No 20 because of rigid and unreasonable regulations which would not help control technology imports into Vietnam.
Nam pointed out that MST sets general regulations on the limits of usage time and the quality on all kinds of machines, no matter where they are from.

Meanwhile, the director of a mechanical engineering company in Hanoi noted that a machine more than 10 years old made by G7 countries would still be very good, and it may be even better than a brand-new machine made in China or Taiwan.

Nam also pointed out that there two sides of a coin. It is true that if Vietnam lowers the requirements on used technology imports, outdated technologies may escape the bodyguards’ net to penetrate Vietnam.
However, the new policy paves the way for businesses to import source technologies.

Therefore, Nam thinks the general regulation needs to be replaced.

“It would be better to set up specific requirements on machines and equipment based on their functions, sources of origin and their importance to domestic industries,” Nam said.
Source : english.vietnamnet.vn

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dormant cells may halt colorectal cancer

Targeting dormant cells may halt colorectal cancer spread

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the US. Most of the people who die from the disease die from secondary cancers in other parts of the body - such as the liver - not the primary one in the bowel.

The researchers found a way to control the stem cell behavior that causes the spread of colorectal cancer.

Conventional treatments for colorectal cancer often have poor outcomes because by the time the disease is detected, the cancer cells have spread to other organs. They can sit there for years, lying dormant and undetected, until something triggers them to grow into secondary tumors that then become the cause of death.

Now, a study published in the journal Stem Cell Reports, and led by the University of Melbourne in Australia, could take the treatment of colorectal cancer in a new direction - one that targets the dormant colorectal cancer cells rather than just active tumor cells.

In the study paper, the researchers describe how they found a way to control the stem cell behavior that causes the spread of colorectal cancer.

The study's findings surround the activity of Frizzled7 - a receptor or cell surface protein that accepts signals from outside the cell.

Previous research had already established that a type of stem cell in the gut - which can be uniquely identified because it is the only one that sports another receptor called Lgr5 - plays an important part in triggering cancer.

These stem cells - called crypt base stem cells, or CRCs - help to regenerate the epithelium or lining of the gut when it gets damaged. To do this, they need to allow "Wnt" signals through their surface receptors into their cell interior.

The receptors that allow passage to Wnt signals are called "Frizzled," and there are 10 different types.
But before this study, it was not known which of the Frizzled receptors allowed passage to Wnt signals in the Lgr5-unique stem cells - the CRCs - to trigger cancer. The team eventually pinned it down as Frizzled7.

Lead investigator Elizabeth Vincan, a professor and head of the cancer biology lab at Melbourne, explains:

"If you knock out Frizzled7 while the cells are in a dormant state they aren't able to make the tumor grow. The aim now is to try to get to those cells while they are dormant, before they start growing. It represents a shift in the targeted management of cancers."

She says the next step is to find a way to target Frizzled7 and develop antibody treatments that work with current therapies.

The American Cancer Society estimate that this year, 93,090 people in the US will discover they have colorectal cancer and 39,610 will die of the disease.

Meanwhile, Medical News Today recently reported a study in the journal Cell that described how correcting a disrupted tumor suppressor gene in mice successfully caused colorectal cancer cells to revert to normal cells. The researchers found that the tumors regressed and disappeared, or reintegrated into normal tissue, within 2 weeks.

Written by Catharine Paddock PhD


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Now Fiber Data Runs At 12000 KM

Boffins set networking record with marathon 12,000 km fiber data run

Look, ma, no repeaters – but we can still decipher the info. Huzzah!

A group of university researchers claim to have developed a method to increase the data bandwidth of fiber optic cables by eliminating a barrier that has limited the maximum power at which optical signals can be sent.
The team from University of California, San Diego said its method of adjusting the frequency of light signals would allow fiber lines to carry data over long distances without the need for electronic repeaters.
"Today's fiber optic systems are a little like quicksand. With quicksand, the more you struggle, the faster you sink," said researcher Nikola Alic in a statement.

"With fiber optics, after a certain point, the more power you add to the signal, the more distortion you get, in effect preventing a longer reach. Our approach removes this power limit, which in turn extends how far signals can travel in optical fiber without needing a repeater."

Such repeaters, also known as optical regenerators, convert optical signals into electronic ones, process the electronic signals, and then retransmit them as optical signals once again. Because they must process as many as 200 channels of signals at massively high data rates, they are essentially supercomputers, making them costly and difficult to construct.

The UCSD group's paper, published in the June 26 issue of the journal Science, found that by running light pulses through a frequency comb, data could be sent and received over long distances without significant signal distortion.

In their experiments, the researchers were able to send an optical signal along 12,000 km (7,456 miles) of optical cable and successfully decipher the information at the other end, setting a new record.
They did it by using the frequency comb to synchronize the frequencies of the various channels of optical information traveling across a given fiber. Ordinarily, such signals are subject to crosstalk caused by a physical phenomenon known as the Kerr effect. The longer the fiber and the higher the power level, the greater the crosstalk.

But by manipulating the signals to take into account the known physical properties of the Kerr effect before the data was even transmitted, the researchers were able to render the crosstalk reversible at the receiving end.

"We are pre-empting the distortion effects that will happen in the optical fiber," said research boffin Bill Kuo, who was responsible for developing the wide-band frequency comb used in the experiments.
The group's method could provide telcos with a way to boost their optical signals – and thus their data transmission rates – without the labor and expense of installing repeaters along their lines.

The seven-person team behind the study included five researchers from the UCSD Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and two researchers from the Qualcomm Institute, a division of the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology that's named after the San Diego-based chipmaker (thanks to hefty donations) but operated jointly by UCSD and the University of California, Irvine.
Source : theregister


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Health-Data Donors Aim to Aid Science

One of the newest ways for people to use their medical information is offering it to researchers studying health problems that affect them or their loved ones. The concept started with rare diseases and is spreading fast to more common conditions like epilepsy and depression.

To date, the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, created by the Affordable Care Act, has funded 18 “patient-powered research networks”— drawing on registries where patients with specific conditions can sign up to participate. Patients can opt to share such information their diagnoses, symptoms, treatments, genetic tests and quality-of-life measures

“I might be fine sharing information about my colon cancer, but not my mental-health data,” says Sharon Terry, CEO of Genetic Alliance, a nonprofit consortium of disease-advocacy organizations that coordinates the research networks. Participants can also change their preferences over time. “As the mother of a young child, I may not be interested, but if my child developed Crohn’s disease, I may want to contribute everything I could,” Ms. Terry says.

Besides letting patients select “yes” or “no” to sharing their data in various circumstances, the options also include “ask me.” “That means, ‘Tell me more about who you are, and why you want my data and then I’ll make a decision,’ ” says Robert Shelton, CEO of Private Access, the tech company that helped create the registry program known as PEER, for Platform for Engaging Everyone Responsibly, that many of the disease-advocacy organizations use.

Having access to such detailed information allows researchers to design different kinds of studies than they are able to conduct using anonymous data collected for other purposes, as many rely on now. The registries also give researchers an easy way to find patients willing to participate in clinical trials.
In the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute-funded projects, patients also have also a major voice in the research topics themselves, so they can seek answers to questions such as which drugs had the fewest side effects, which studies funded by drug companies seldom tackle.

Private industry has seized on the same idea. At PatientsLikeMe, a for-profit organization, patients can also share their health data for research and connect with others battling the same conditions. The company de-identifies the data and sells it to partners, including drug companies. To date, it says, some 350,000 members have contributed 28 million data points on more than 2,500 conditions.

Some researchers are also using apps to recruit patients for clinical trials—and getting surprising responses.
In March, when Apple released five apps for use with its ResearchKit, an open-source software framework designed to help researchers with discoveries, 11,000 iPhone users signed up to participate in one Stanford study measuring heart health in the first day—more than most studies amass in a year, researchers said.
Source : wsj


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Online Guide to Draw your Target Group to an Event

Sales leads, referrals and networking are the lifelines of any event related business. Although the statement is true in most of the cases, the fact is, marketing an event is not an easy task. What makes an event a huge success, is getting the prospective customers enthused about the upcoming event. Marketing an event should be initiated by first identifying the target audiences. An understanding of the demographics of the target audiences would be useful in determining the types of marketing messages and adopt them to be most effective in persuading the intended audiences for the event.

Whether venturing into online marketing for the first time or having experimented with it before, a high impact digital marketing plan can have a positive impact on the event’s bottom line ROI. Depending on the expected ROI, which can include attracting participants to the event, gaining more sponsors and exhibitors, increasing visibility and engaging with current and potential association members, a digital marketing plan must begin with the end goal and work its way up.

In today’s digital era, it is essential to build an online asset and the internet provides the largest network for generating sales leads. In view of this, the event organizers need to develop an attractive landing page for the event and create active profiles on Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn. These online assets are not passive outlets but definitely have the unique capacity to drive unique prospects. In order to reach the maximum potential of these online assets, the organizers need to participate in discussions, share their experiences and join groups where they can leverage the asset to others.

Building a content strategy is essential to market the event online because behind every great plan, there is content. However, a passive attitude might not be a very great stance; creating content and just waiting for visitors to show up and engage with the organizers does not happen simply. A content strategy comes with planning and includes an editorial calendar, a social plan, engagement efforts, optimization, measuring conversions and more. Content strategy ensures that the content gets seen by the target audience. Therefore, before belting out article after article on the computer, it is mandatory to first identify the target audiences and be clear of the results expected out of the action. Every marketing effort has to be measured. It is an essential element of any successful digital marketing plan.

Following content strategy in terms of tactics to be adopted for online marketing is implementation of Search Engine Optimization (SEO). In sync with content strategy, a foolproof digital marketing plan includes search engine optimization. Both combined together not only ensures that the content is reader friendly, but also search engine friendly.

Optimization should also not be restricted only to content, but should be extended to websites as well. The landing pages should be user-friendly and straight to the point. Utilize the USPs of the event on the website to gain traction; a video or slideshow of images, the benefits of attending your meeting, client testimonials and a solid call to action. It is also important to focus on the architecture of the website. The beauty of a great digital marketing plan is a great website. A great website is easily accessible and the components are arranged properly such that the user finds whatever is required in the website. It is of absolute importance because this is the first interaction people will have with the event organizers before they sign up for the event or register for the services.

We live in an era where a robust digital marketing to draw your target group to an event is quintessential. There are many elements that come with a great digital marketing plan therefore it is of prime importance to plan the event with the right strategy equipped with the right tools.

Disclaimer: This is a guest post. The statements, opinions and data contained in these publications are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of iamWire and the editor(s).
Source : iamwire


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How is a Blog Different Than an FAQ Page

When we talk to companies about online marketing, some will inevitably ask, “Why do I need a blog?”
Because we say that a blog is a great place to answer specific questions that your buyers might have, it’s easy to confuse a blog with an FAQ page. Both answer questions, but a blog has some distinct advantages over an FAQ page.

FAQ pages are typically written, posted on a website, and then forgotten about. They are contrived by people at your company — not usually based on questions customers actually ask, but what people at the company think they want to know.

But what an FAQ page lacks is the catalog of in-depth content that a blog provides to readers.

Here are some ways that a blog is different than an FAQ page, and what a blog does differently:

A blog is a library of information, not a single page.

A web page with “frequently asked questions” are generally used to quickly answer a variety of questions about a specific product or service. It’s very broad in focus and covers things like price of a service, product specifications, product usage, ordering, shipping or support.

FAQ pages are great for short questions about your offering, but a blog can provide so much more and gives you a chance to be a hub for information for your readers. Picture your blog as a library of information, ready to answer your reader’s specific questions with depth and clarity.

Blogs provide more detailed information and explanations.

To get another picture of the difference between an FAQ page and a blog, we generally ask our clients to think of every possible question they get from customers. We ask them to write down these questions over a period of time, then take a chance to look back and compile them into categories. Most of the time, these questions range from inquiries about the actual product or service, to broad and general industry questions. Many of these questions could go into a single FAQ page, but many require a long-form explanation.

Unlike an FAQ page, it’s not irrelevant to answer these specific questions in a longer form on your blog. Questions that would have little place in an FAQ page make for great blog posts. For example, if your offering is a software product, it would be interesting to write a blog post about how people commonly use the product. By writing about things that your readers care to hear about, you’re creating a space for them to come to learn more.

Two “frequently asked questions” by nearly any prospect are price points and product specifications. A blog is a great place to get into the specifics of these questions that provide insight to your customers.

Blogs have better search engine benefits.

An added perk of a blog over a FAQ page is the value the pages that make up your blog have in terms of search engine optimization. The more pages you create on your website (i.e. individual blog posts), the more pages search engines are going to index. A search engine indexing your pages, especially optimized pages, gives you a great chance to rank in search when your readers are looking for information.

FAQ pages rarely have a chance to rank in search, mainly due to their broad focus on many topics. Individual blog posts on narrow topics have a great likelihood of being found in search – another added benefit of a blog!

What’s holding you back?

If I’ve managed to convince you of the differences between a blog and FAQ page, it’s time to get to work! There’s no need to trash all the work you’ve done answering questions on your FAQ page. You can further enhance your FAQ by using it as a hub for additional resources provided by your blog, or you can link directly to articles in your blog that clarify or go into detail.

Set your website apart from your FAQ page and create a blog full of stories, statistics, and best practices. Whether it’s more about your industry, the people who use your products, or the type of product itself, a blog can help you delve deeper into your consumer’s biggest concerns.

A blog gives you a chance to be highly narrow in focus. Touch on subjects at a high, broad level in your FAQ, and then delve deeper in a blog post. Use the FAQ page to link to your blog – further explaining topics to your reader, while enhancing views to your blog.
Source : business2community

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